Where do you live?
Four questions depend on your state. Enter your ZIP code and we'll fill in your senators, representative, governor and capital. It is never sent anywhere.
The "why" notes are based on the official USCIS 2025 Civics Test Study Guide. Where the guide says nothing or is not exact, they use standard historical sources. The accepted answers are always the official ones. Each note was checked by a second reader.
Options and help
- Tap the card to turn it over. A card you miss comes back a few cards later.
- Previous and Next, or the left and right arrow keys, move between cards without grading them.
- Auto-play fills the screen and goes through the chosen questions on its own. Press Esc or Exit to stop.
- On a Mac? A free screen saver shows these questions with pictures while your Mac is idle: get the Civics Test screen saver.
- The 65/20 list is for people aged 65 or older who have been permanent residents for 20 years. They study only those 20 questions. USCIS's Check for Test Updates page marks question 23 (your state's U.S. senators) for 65/20 but not questions 30, 39 and 61. This list follows the official M-1778 list; to be safe, also learn question 23.
- This is the 2025 test, for everyone who filed Form N-400 on or after Oct 20, 2025. If you filed earlier, see the Guide tab.
All questions
Every question with its accepted answers, and your own answers where they depend on your state.
Your progress
Out of 128 questions. Mastered means right 3 times in a row. Saved on this device only.
By topic
Reading and writing
Mock tests
Practice the interview
The officer puts you under oath (you promise to tell the truth) and asks the questions from your Form N-400 out loud. Practice understanding them here.
This page helps you understand the questions. It cannot tell you how to answer them, and it is not legal advice. If you are not sure how a question applies to you, talk to an immigration attorney before your interview.
Where this comes from
- Questions are from Form N-400, edition 01/20/25, in the form's exact words. Where the form lists several things under one question, each is shown as its own question. Item 30.b leaves out the blank where you list your titles.
- "The form adds" marks a note printed on the form itself, word for word.
- Word meanings marked "form" are the form's own. Those marked "instructions" are from the official instructions for Form N-400. Those marked "USCIS" are from the USCIS interview vocabulary self-test.
- Everything marked "plain words" was written for this page to help you understand. It is not official.
- USCIS does not publish the reading and writing test sentences. The practice sentences use only words from its official vocabulary lists.
- In the interview you read 1 sentence out of 3 aloud, and write 1 out of 3 as the officer says it.
The whole process in one picture
The 10 official steps from green card to citizen. The checklist helps with steps 2 and 3. This page helps with step 6.
Steps and their titles are from USCIS, 10 Steps to Naturalization. How long each step takes depends on your USCIS office: check processing times.
At the interview
One appointment with a USCIS officer. Tap a heading to open it.
What happens at the interview
1. Your application, under oath
The officer puts you under oath and goes through the questions and answers on your N-400. Re-read your own application before you go, and note anything that changed since you filed, such as travel, address, job or marital status.
2. The English test
| Speaking | Judged during the conversation about your application. You pass if you generally understand and respond meaningfully. You may ask for a question to be repeated or rephrased. |
|---|---|
| Reading | Read 1 sentence out of 3 correctly, out loud. |
| Writing | Write 1 sentence out of 3 as the officer says it. Spelling, capital letters and punctuation mistakes don't fail you unless they change the meaning. Don't abbreviate words. |
3. The civics test
| Filed N-400 on or after Oct 20, 2025 | 2025 test, the one on this page. 128 questions to study. Asked up to 20, out loud. The officer stops at 12 right (pass) or 9 wrong (fail). |
|---|---|
| Filed before Oct 20, 2025 | 2008 test. 100 questions to study, asked up to 10, 6 right to pass. Use the official 2008 practice test instead of this page. |
A different wording of a correct answer still counts.
If you don't pass, and what comes after
If you don't pass a part
You get one retest, 60 to 90 days after the first interview, on only the part you failed. Missing the retest counts as a failed attempt, unless USCIS excuses it. Failing a second time means the application is denied.
After the interview
You leave with a results notice (Form N-652). The decision is granted, continued or denied, and USCIS has 120 days from the interview to decide. You are not a citizen until you take the Oath of Allegiance at a ceremony. The ceremony may be on the same day as your interview. If not, USCIS mails you a notice. You hand in your green card at the ceremony.
Who is exempt from the tests
| 50/20 | Age 50 or older with 20 years as a permanent resident when you file. No English test. Civics test in your own language, with an interpreter you bring. |
|---|---|
| 55/15 | Age 55 or older with 15 years as a permanent resident. Same as above. |
| 65/20 | Age 65 or older with 20 years as a permanent resident. No English test. Study only the 20 starred questions: asked 10, need 6. You may take it in your own language, with an interpreter you bring. |
| Medical | A physical or developmental disability or a mental impairment may exempt you from English, civics or both. It must have lasted, or be expected to last, 12 months or more. A licensed doctor or clinical psychologist completes Form N-648, which you send together with Form N-400. |
How to prepare
About 20 minutes a day for four weeks is a reasonable plan for a working adult.
A four-week study plan
| Week 1 | Questions 1 to 45, about 9 new ones a day. Enter your ZIP code above and learn your four personal answers. Read the reading vocabulary list aloud once. |
|---|---|
| Week 2 | Questions 46 to 90, plus 5 minutes a day on what you missed. Listen to and write 5 sentences a day from the writing vocabulary list. One mock test on the weekend. |
| Week 3 | Questions 91 to 128, then your missed list only. Do the two USCIS interview vocabulary self-tests and the commands exercise. Two mock tests. |
| Week 4 | Missed list and a mock test every other day, answered out loud. Re-read your own N-400. Check the four officials' names a few days before the interview. |
On the 65/20 list? Two weeks of the same routine on the 20 starred questions is a reasonable plan.
Habits that help
- Say your answers out loud. The real test is a conversation, not a form.
- Learn one short answer per question. You only need one unless the question asks for more.
- Study a little every day, and spend less time on the questions you already know.
- Know your own N-400 as well as the civics answers.
Official USCIS study materials
For the civics test (2025 version)
- 128 Civics Questions and Answers (PDF) The official list this page is built from.
- One Nation, One People: 2025 Civics Test Study Guide (PDF) Explains the answers. Large file, 39 MB.
- Test updates The names USCIS accepts for the President, Vice President, Speaker and Chief Justice.
- Study for the Test The full USCIS catalog. Its flash cards, audio and practice test are for the older 2008 test only.
For the English test and the interview
- Reading test vocabulary list (PDF)
- Writing test vocabulary list (PDF)
- Vocabulary for the interview: self-test 1
- Vocabulary for the interview: self-test 2 Reading and listening.
- Understanding commands: practice exercise (PDF) Phrases like "please raise your right hand".
- Understanding commands: flash cards (PDF)
- Video: the naturalization interview and test Made before the 2025 test, so its civics part shows the older 10-question format. 42 MB.
Other free resources
Not run by USCIS. We have not checked their answers, and videos can show officials' names that are out of date.
- USAHello Nonprofit. The questions translated into 17 or more languages.
- YouTube: 128 Civics Questions and Answers playlist By US Citizenship Test Org. Includes a slow version for English learners.
- US Citizenship Podcast Practice interviews based on the N-400.
Be careful with videos titled "2025" or "2026" that still teach the old 100-question test.
Use it without the internet
- After your first visit this page works offline, so you can practice on a train or in a waiting room.
- iPhone: open it in Safari, tap Share, then "Add to Home Screen". Then open it from the Home Screen once while you are online.
- Safari can erase the saved page and your progress if you do not use this page for a week or more. The Home Screen copy is not erased this way.
- Android: open it in Chrome, tap the menu, then "Install app" or "Add to Home screen".
- Names of officials are refreshed when you are online. Offline, or on a very slow connection, you see the last ones saved. The page tells you when they are old.